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Physics is a subject for all
children to study. Everyone begins to investigate the physical world as soon as they are
born. All children explore the physical laws, whether through learning
to walk, dropping things off high chairs, playing with balls on a playground,
or hanging from monkey bars. It is a natural part of their development.
Our task in presenting physics formally is to introduce a sequence of
activities which lead them to consciously discover what has come instinctively
up to this point.
Book 1. The purpose of this book is to present the activities
in the order in which a child first begins its experience
of the world. When a newborn baby arrives, the child is first aware of
the energy around it. It discovers mass and the properties of mass. It
begins to orient itself to the physical world, touching and reaching out.
Then, through its daily experiences, the forces of gravity and friction
gradually become real. As the child begins to walk, it learns how to control
its body under the influence of gravity and it gains an intuitive understanding
of the concept of mass and of its own centre of mass. The process of achieving
this introduces the force of friction, in the form of a skinned knee!
Book 2.The work of small children
is carried out using their toys – balls, cars, dolls with limbs that rotate
and move, gears, things that turn, things you pull, see-saws and playground
toys to name a few. Simple machines are the toys of children; they discover
the principles of how they work through their play. Simple machines
are the topic of Book 2.
In Book 3, we use children's
natural curiosity to help them answer some basic questions. They have
been introduced to forces and energy in Book 1 (the 'what'). In Book 2,
we use energy and forces in each experiment. The children gain more experience.
They also use objects with which they are familiar. In Book 3 (more
forces, more energy), children are encouraged to begin to seek 'how'?.
They are shown demonstrations or carry out simple described experiments
themselves. These experiments lead them to answer questions. Then, an
important part, they are asked to extend themselves to look for how their
experiences in physics lessons are a part of their everyday lives ('when
else have you experienced this?').
In Book 4, the topics
of discovery are Newton's laws of motion. Early natural philosophers
such as Sir Isaac Newton led the way toward our modern understanding of
the physical world. Newton's work on the theory of gravitation simplified
the problems of his day. He found a way to explain that the movement of
bodies on earth and in space follow the same laws. For this and other
works Newton has been highly honoured.
Nature, and Nature's laws lay hid in night.
God said, Let Newton be! and all was light.
– Alexander Pope
The inspiration for this book
comes from the Principia, Newton's work on the theory of gravitation.
The lessons are hands-on and follow the topics Newton studied. Also included
are many concepts on which to expand in the further study of science:
drawing conclusions based on experimentation; following procedures; measurement;
and taking viewpoints outside of everyday thinking. These processes, which
Newton himself must have used in his day, continue to be used by scientists
today. The story of motion, based on Newton's laws, is the topic of this
book. There are many questions in science which are elusive and difficult
to explain. This one, Newton's theory of gravitation, has a simple lesson
and should be taught because it is such a beautiful example of scientific
discovery.
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